About Basic Metabolic Panel - Glucose

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Range:

The normal range is 70-100 mg/dL for non-diabetics and 90-130 mg/dL for diabetics or that is the normal range for 95% of the population, so you may fall outside of that range and be totally normal. If you are below that level, we call it hypoglycemia, and if you are above that level, we call it hyperglycemia. These word come from hypo (meaning under) or hyper (meaning over), glyco (meaning related to sugar), and emia (meaning a condition of the blood).

What Are They Looking For:

Hypoglycemia especially below 50 mg/dL and 70 mg/dL is the most worrying and tends to result in shakiness, palpitations, nausea, fatigue, confusion, and even coma and seizures.

Hyperglycemia is most concerning above 250 mg/dL though symptoms may not be present themselves in acute cases. In a chronic setting weight loss, dry mouth, and cardiac arrhythmia can all occur.

Both conditions are worrying if symptomatic and not treated, but hypoglycemia is more likely to be acutely dangerous.

Organs Involved:

Since glucose is used by pretty much every cell type to some extent to generate energy to perform basic functions, a large number of organs are involved. In the case of hypoglycemia, most of the impacts come from decreased cellular function. Hyperglycemia, on the other hand, tends to cause problems in a chronic setting. The brain, heart, kidney, blood vessels, and muscles are just a few examples.

Treatment:

All of the treatments look to bring the glucose level back in normal range to alleviate symptoms and then treat any underlying condition that might exist. In the setting of hypoglycemia, some type of glucose is given in an oral or, in severe cases, an intravenous form. Hyperglycemia on the other hand is a little more challenging because it normally requires a combination of a change in consumption, medication, and physical exercise.

Hypoglycemia can result from various medical conditions, such as kidney failure, some tumors, and severe infection, but is much more likely to be caused by excessive use of medication for diabetes, poor diet, and excessive alcohol.

Hyperglycemia on the other hand can result from certain medications, a critical illness, and pancreatic disease; but is more likely to be the result of diabetes if present chronic without high intake of glucose.

Take Home Point:

If your glucose levels are a little outside of the normal range and you feel fine, your doctor is unlikely to pursue that further unless it happens to be something that occurs often. Being on the low end means you probably need to check what medications you are taking and being on the high end means you might want to take a look at your diet or to see whether you might be diabetic.